Cassiar Gold Rush

The Cassiar Gold Rush of 1872–1878 was the penultimate chapter in British Columbia’s long sequence of placer gold rushes, drawing a hardy and experienced prospecting community into the remote boreal wilderness of the far northwest before the great Klondike rush would finally dominate the region’s attention two decades later. It was a smaller, harder, and more isolated rush than those that had preceded it in the Cariboo and the Big Bend, but it produced some of the most spectacular individual finds in BC mining history.

The rush grew out of the spreading prospecting activity that followed the waning of the Cariboo rush in the late 1860s. Veterans of the Cariboo and the Omineca, unwilling to abandon the prospector’s life, pushed steadily northward through British Columbia’s interior in the early 1870s. In the summer of 1872, Henry Thibert and Angus McCulloch made one of the earliest documented gold discoveries in the Cassiar country, finding gold at a creek that would bear Thibert’s name as a tributary of Dease Creek. The find attracted initial interest, but the rush proper ignited in 1874 when large gold nuggets were unearthed at McDame Creek, the district’s richest site, and news spread through the BC mining community.

The Cassiar presented logistical challenges that rivalled any previous BC rush. The district lay more than 600 miles north of Victoria, accessible only by an arduous series of trails through mountain and muskeg, or by a complicated river route through American-controlled Alaska and up the Stikine River — the same corridor that had been the subject of sovereignty disputes during the Stikine Rush of the early 1860s. The American purchase of Alaska in 1867 had complicated matters further, requiring prospectors to pass through U.S. territory to reach British ground. Despite these obstacles, the rush attracted several thousand miners at its peak, with Laketon (also called Dease Town) emerging as the unofficial capital of the district, supporting five stores, four hotels, two cafes, and its own newspaper.

The gold produced in the Cassiar was genuine and in several cases spectacular. In 1874 alone, more than a million dollars’ worth of gold was recovered from the district. In 1877, a single prospector at McDame Creek found a gold nugget weighing 72 ounces — the largest ever recorded in British Columbia — a find that generated enormous excitement and drew additional prospectors to the district even as the rush was approaching its end.

By 1878, much of the most accessible gold had been removed from the Cassiar creeks, and the fortune-seekers moved on. The district itself did not disappear — modest production continued in subsequent decades — but the concentrated rush era was over. The Cassiar rush’s most lasting legacy was in establishing the prospecting and trail infrastructure of the far northwest, and in keeping alive the culture and community of the BC gold rush era through the long interval before the Klondike discovery would unleash the last and greatest rush of the nineteenth century.