John White
American
John White was a prospector among the Colorado "Pikes Peakers" who on July 28, 1862, discovered gold on Grasshopper Creek in present-day Montana — the strike that created Bannack, first capital of Montana Territory, and opened the Montana gold rushes.
Biography
John White is remembered for a single act with very large consequences. On July 28, 1862, White and companions — "Pikes Peakers" who had drifted north from the fading Colorado diggings — struck placer gold on Grasshopper Creek in what is now southwestern Montana. The discovery ground, recorded to John White and Company, became known as White's Bar.
The strike was the first major gold discovery in what would become Montana. Word spread down the trails within weeks, and by the following year the camp of Bannack on Grasshopper Creek held thousands of miners. Bannack became the first capital of Montana Territory in 1864, and the rush White started led prospectors on to the still richer strikes at Alder Gulch and Last Chance Gulch, laying the foundations of the territory.
White himself profited little from what he set in motion and quickly faded from the record. His origins and dates are not reliably documented, and accounts of his fate are fragmentary — several early Montana histories state that he was killed within a few years of the discovery. Like many discoverers of great gold fields, he is commemorated today mainly in the ghost town his find created, now preserved as Bannack State Park.